Climate and Weather

The city's latitude and altitude combine to give it a pleasant year-round climate. Albuquerque is just far enough south to be spared many of the storms that often touch northern New Mexico. Its elevation of approximately 5,000 feet spares us the extreme heat of Phoenix and other lower-altitude cities in the same latitude. The altitude also provides four distinct but temperate seasons. The average daily range of temperature is relatively wide, but long peiods of extreme temperatures are rare. Albuquerque summers usually bring no more than 15 to 20 days when the temperature reaches 100F and winter nights seldom drop to 0F.

The Sandias represent a broken segment of the almost continuous Rocky Mountain chain extending the length of the continent from north to south. They obstruct the atmospheric flow that exerts a strong influence on the local weather of the Central Rio Grande Valley. Many polar air outbreaks from the east are steered away from the city (although they occasionally "leak" through Tijeras Canyon). Humid summer air from the Great Plains and thunderstorm-spawned tornadoes are usually kept away by the nearly mile-high mountain barrier. Summer showers frequently cluster along the mountains as moist air is carried aloft by air currents rising from sun-heated slopes, thus doubling or tripling the average annual precipitation received in the adjacent valley.

Albuquerque's low average humidity, little cloud cover, and valley location encourage formation of significant atmospheric stable layers or temperature inversion. Normally during the day, air temperature decreases with altitude, but after a clear, calm night, "tile air" next to the ground becomes cooler than the air above, forming an inversion. The stable layer suppresses vertical mixing, keeping pollutants (mostly from automobiles) trapped near the ground. This condition can cause episodes of unacceptably large concentrations of pollutants.